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Methodist Baptism

We will look at a couple of beliefs in this post. Methodism arose out of Anglicanism, but does not subscribe to the 39 articles. Instead, it has the Methodist Articles of Religion. Article 17 says, “Baptism is not only a sign of profession and mark of difference whereby Christians are distinguished from others that are not baptized; but it is also a sign of regeneration or the new birth. The baptism of young children is to be retained in the church.” This is typical thinking of all infant Baptists, and I believe, double talk (unless you believe in baptismal regeneration).

Baptism is a “sign of profession,” yet babies can’t profess anything. Baptism is also the mark of regeneration, which is ordinarily followed by a profession! This is the strange mix-up that arises when circumcision, rather than baptism, is seen as the OT equivalent of NT baptism. Hence, Article 6, “We believe Baptism signifies entrance into the household of faith, and is a symbol of repentance and inner cleansing from sin, a representation of the new birth in Christ Jesus and a mark of Christian discipleship.” The household of faith in this instance includes infants, even though we have no idea if that infant in fact has faith. (S)he certainly can’t say as much.

When circumcision is illuminated from the picture, the question of baptizing infants vanishes. The question of whether or not infants are in the covenant becomes a moot point. If they are, then great. If not, then OK. Either way, baptism is not to be given to them anymore than it was given to Shem, Ham, and Japheth, all three “children” of Noah who were in the covenant (from a Presbyterian/Methodist perspective), without receiving the sign (which was baptism!) until they were nearly 100 years old. That’s what I think about infants being baptized in Methodist baptism.

Roman Catholic Baptism

We will look at a couple of traditions in this post. Not everything that Rome teaches about baptism is wrong from the Protestant perspective. We ought to recognize the truth where it lies, even if we find it hidden in catacombs under the Church. The Catechism of the Catholic Church #1219 says, “The Church has seen in Noah’s ark a prefiguring of salvation by Baptism, for by it ‘a few, that is, eight persons, were saved through water’: “The waters of the great flood you made a sign of the waters of Baptism, that make an end of sin and a new beginning of goodness.” #1221 says, “Above all, the crossing of the Red Sea, literally the liberation of Israel from the slavery of Egypt, announces the liberation wrought by Baptism: You freed the children of Abraham from the slavery of Pharaoh, bringing them dry-shod through the waters of the Red Sea, to be an image of the people set free in Baptism.” These are but recapitulations and expansions of the NT’s usage of baptism when referring to these OT episodes.

But Question #1218 says, “Since the beginning of the world, water, so humble and wonderful a creature, has been the source of life and fruitfulness. Sacred Scripture sees it as ‘overshadowed’ by the Spirit of God: ‘At the very dawn of creation your Spirit breathed on the waters, making them the wellspring of all holiness.’” This little gem is the prelude to the other questions, the introduction in the Catechism to baptism! Rome has followed many Church Fathers who understood the same baptism typology there in creation. In my view, there is nothing at all wrong with that!

Anglican Baptism

We will look at a couple of traditions in this post. Central to my argument is the idea that baptism has been around for a very long time, longer than most people can even imagine. It goes past Jesus, past John the Baptist, past the Jewish sects, deep into the Old Testament. Orthodox Anglicans still use the old Book of Common Prayer as their liturgical guide for worship. One section of it reads, “Almighty and everlasting God, who of thy great mercy didst save Noah and his family in the ark from perishing by water; and also didst safely lead the children of Israel thy people through the Red Sea, figuring thereby thy holy Baptism.” All the Book is doing here is recognizing Peter and Paul’s use of baptism typology of these two ancient events.

However, it goes a step further in a different prayer to be read by the Bishop during baptism. Keep in mind Genesis 1:2 which says, “The Spirit of God hovered over the surface of the deep.” The Bishop prays, “We thank you, Almighty God, for the gift of water. Over it the Holy Spirit moved in the beginning of creation.” Why would he say that during an Anglican baptism? Because the water of baptism is typified in the Red Sea, in the flood, and even in the waters of creation.

Did the have anything to say about baptism? Certainly, they did!

The (50-120 A.D.) is one of the earliest Christian writings of the outside of the New Testament. Concerning baptism it says,

Baptize this way: Having first said all these things, baptize into the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, in living water. But if you have no living water, baptize into other water; and if you cannot do so in cold wa­ter, do so in warm. But if you have neither, pour out water three times upon the head into the name of Father and Son and Holy Spirit” (Didache 7:1-3).

There preferred mode of baptism is clearly (“in” [Gk: en] living water). This idea seems to come from Leviticus 15:13, “He shall bathe his body in fresh water.” The early church knew that baptism comes from the Old Testament.

A Reformed Baptism Liturgy

We here at www.baptizedinwater.org are Reformed Baptists. The worship services in our represented churches are patterned to some degree after the Genevan Reformer John Calvin’s liturgy. We like liturgy (which literally means an order of service, which every service no matter how opposed to the term “liturgy” has), because it provides a model for worship and an anchor for the faith in anchorless times. Here is an example of a that we have used. We usually do the baptism after the word is preached.

Baptism Liturgy:

Baptism is a sacrament ordained by the Lord Jesus Christ. It is a sign and seal of the inclusion of the person who through faith has come into the covenant of grace. All people are conceived and born in sin. Baptism witnesses and seals to us the remission of sins that we have in the baptism of the Holy Spirit at conversion. This is ours through the shed baptismal blood of Christ. Our death to sin and resurrection to life is symbolized as we enter the floody waters, only to be safely brought through them. Since these gifts of salvation are the gracious provision of the triune God, who is pleased to claim us as his very own, we are baptized into the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Ghost.

Baptism also signifies the bestowal of all the gifts of salvation through our union with Christ. Chief among these is our priestly duty to now care for the temple of God, which is the church and our own lives. Baptism arises out of the washing ceremonies of the Old Covenant, which the author of Hebrews calls “diverse baptisms.” These washing ceremonies were also a part of the covenant of grace – as they were always pointed forward to Christ and were never intended to become a means of works salvation. They were given to God’s priests, specially called by him to serve in his presence. The New Testament calls believers “a royal priesthood” and a “kingdom and priests to serve God.” Therefore, we convey baptism on those who profess faith in Christ and who can carry out the duties of a priest. This is a sign and seal of their being united to him, now part of a royal priesthood through faith, which is the gift of God.

Prayer of consecration:

Heavenly Father,

You graciously provided a way into your holy presence for the priests through the washing of their bodies and the sprinkling of the blood of animals. By these baptisms, the priest anticipated by faith the time when Christ would come to wash all sin away, cleansing with his blood and sanctifying with his word, so that by his cleansing we might enter the holy of holies and become the temple of God. Now you have seen fit to provide one lasting ordinance for your church that looks backward to that once for all cleansing of our justification and union with Christ. And it also anticipates the time when Christ will make his bride perfectly clean and perfectly washed with a glorified body and without any more sin. Our Covenant-keeping God, Eternal and Almighty Father, who by your infinite mercy and good pleasure have promised to be our God, be pleased, we pray, to fulfill your covenant promises to this professing believer, whom you have brought to our congregation. As he is presented to you and set apart by the sacrament of Holy Baptism, grant that he may be reckoned as a true child of God. Cleanse him from the guilt of Adam’s sin by the blood of Jesus Christ, by the washing of regeneration and renewing by the Holy Spirit. May this outward washing with water that we administer according to your command produce its fruit in his life, as a perpetual sign and seal of his membership in the covenant of grace. Hear us, in the name of Jesus Christ our Lord, Amen.”

Brothers and sisters in Christ:
Through the Sacrament of Baptism we are given a sign of the new birth by the Spirit which is signified by dying under the water and being raised up to new life incorporated into God’s mighty acts of salvation
initiated into Christ’s holy church as a priesthood of believers. All this is God’s gift, offered to us without price.

Baptizee:

On behalf of the whole church, I ask you:
Do you believe in God and profess the Christian faith as contained in the Old and New Testaments?

Do you believe in the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit: One God in Three Persons?

I do.

Do you renounce wickedness, reject the evil powers of this world, and repent of your sin?

I do.

Do you confess Jesus Christ as your Savior, put your whole trust in his grace, and promise to serve him as your Lord, with God’s people in the church?

I do.

According to the grace given you, will you remain faithful to Christ’s holy church and serve as Christ’s representative in the world?

I will.

(Pastor to the baptizee.)

What is your full name?
(any sort of testimony of your faith in Christ that you wish to share?)

Name,

I baptize you in the name of the Father,
and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.

(go down/come up:)

Name,

the Lord defend you with his heavenly grace and by his spirit confirm you in the faith and fellowship of all true disciples of Jesus Christ. Amen.

(Pastor to the congregation.)

You have witnessed this covenantal sign and seal of the righteousness that comes through faith. This confession of faith by Name has been given in the presence of many witnesses. You are under an obligation to help Name grow in the grace and knowledge of the Lord Jesus Christ, for together we are all the body of Christ.

Do you solemnly pledge to do everything in your power to help Name become a vital participant in the body, to hold them accountable, to pray for them, to rejoice with them, to weep with them, and to walk with them along our long journey to heaven?

We do.

Let us pray.

O God, our heavenly Father, grant that name, as (s)he grows in years, may also grow in grace and in the knowledge of the Lord Jesus Christ, and that by the restraining and renewing influence of the Holy Spirit he may ever be a true child of yours, serving you faithfully all his days.

Jewish Baptism

Ancient and modern practices of are an important field of study when it comes to Christian baptism. More and more, Scholars are seeing how a proper understanding of our Jewish roots informs many seemingly strange things about Christianity.

Jews practice(d) something called a mikveh. A mikveh is a ritual bath in a pool of fresh water. It is necessarily an immersion. Here are a couple of ancient texts referring to Jewish baptism. In Fragments of a Zadokite Work (1st century B.C.), it notes how Levitical purifica­tions were to be done. “As to being cleansed in water. No man shall wash in water (that is) filthy or insufficient for a man’s bath” (Zad, 12). In the Talmud they said the same thing. Erubin 4b, “Since it is written in Scripture: Then he shall bathe all his flesh (Lev 14:9) [its follows] that there must be no interposition between his flesh and the water; In water implies, in water that is gathered together [lit. mikveh]; all his flesh implies, water in which all his body can be immersed [lit. ‘goes up in them’].” Josephus refers to assembling together, clothing in white veils, and “bathing their bodies in cold water” (Josephus, Wars 2.129). These and many other references could be cited, but they all demonstrate why all early references to Christian baptism were immersions. Jewish baptism if important to any study of Christian baptism, because Christianity is the flower that blossomed from the Seed of Judaism.

When it comes to alone must have the final say. Many people run to tradition for clarity on the matter of baptism. Tradition is a good and I believe necessary thing to use to confirm that something we see is derived from Scripture was seen by other people. Tradition guards personal interpretation against heresy. But traditions can be very muddy waters to trudge through, because they are so often in conflict with other traditions.

For example, if in my view of baptism Scripture seems to teach that Genesis 1:2 should be looked at as a baptism, then tradition ought to confirm that I am not the first to see such a thing. Indeed, Tertullian and Jerome, Rome and Protestants have all seen the same thing. But my view is not correct because certain traditions affirm it. Only Scripture has the authority to lay claim on my conscience. That is why in our blog and in our book we make every effort to demonstrate that biblical reasons for seeing baptism the way that we do. In baptism Scripture alone must have the final say.

In Christian is set apart from all the other religions of the world. This is ironic, since many other religions to this day practice baptism. Hindus bathe ritualistically in the Ganges River. Mormons practice baptisms, even for the dead. Jews perform mikveh baths. How is Christian baptism different?

Several ways. In baptism Christianity sees a picture of death and resurrection. Paul says we went down into death and were raised to newness of life in baptism (Romans 6:1-4). Only Christianity has resurrection in Christ who was himself raised for our justification. In baptism Christianity see the forgiveness of sins. We are washed by the water, which is not ordinary water, but a picture of Christ the Living Water, the Healing Water, who washes us with his Word as a bride prepared for her groom (Ephesians 5:25-26). In baptism Christianity sees the deluge of suffering, the waters that come up to our neck, having no more power to kill and destroy. Christ has calmed the raging tempest, he has conquered death, pierced Leviathan, and stilled the sea. In baptism Christianity sees the ordination of a priesthood of believers, who are prepared to enter the temple to serve and guard the holy place, as Christ our High Priest who went before us did on our behalf.

How do differ from biblical baptisms? They differ both in style and substance. The substance is the important part, and it is what I will address in this blog. Catholics believe that baptism is the sacrament that imparts justification, but justification in this sense is a process rather than a declaration. For a Catholic, the declaration or verdict of “not guilty” does not come until Judgment Day (if it comes at all). A Catholic can lose the benefits of baptism when moral sin is committed.

But Scripture says that the only instrument of justification is faith. This does not mean that faith saves, for only Christ saves. But faith alone receives the merits of Christ and it is in the receiving of them that we are justified. That is, we are not justified is we do not receive the merits of Christ. This is what Peter is driving at when he says that baptism saves. Think about it. He uses Noah as an example of how baptism saves. But Noah was not saved by baptism, but rather by the Ark. He was saved through baptism, a baptism that killed the rest of the world, because by faith he built an Ark. Hebrews 11:7 is very clear about that. This is why Peter says that the baptism he is talking about is not the removal of dirt from the body, but a clean conscience before God. And this only comes about through faith.

Why is it that with regard to can’t seem to agree? Many people ask questions like this as an attempt to demonstrate that the disagreement shows irreconcilable contradictions within Christianity, and therefore the whole religion should be chucked. The problem with this kind of statement is that you can find someone somewhere who disagrees with anything. It doesn’t matter if it is within Christianity, Buddhism, Islam, Atheism, agnosticism, Deism or whatever. Disagreement is not a test of truth.

With that said, it is obvious from church history that baptism has been such a volatile issue that lives have been taken over disagreements on this issue. Fortunately, we do not live at present in times like that. But why is it that with regard to baptism churches can’t seem to agree? Perhaps it has to do with our inability to really dig into the Scriptures to find the origins of baptism, deep in the Old Testament. If we did, it would inform our theology. For example, we would see clearly that baptism did not save Noah, the Ark did. The Red Sea did not save Israel, the Angel of the LORD did. The priest was not sprinkled, but immersed and Jesus was obeying this law at his own baptism. Baptism cannot replace circumcision in the NT, when it never did so in the OT. Priests were never baptized as infants. In fact, no infant is ever baptized in the OT. These questions and others are very clearly answered through careful investigation into the roots of baptism. One of our goals with this blog and our book is to help Christians of all persuasions think more holistically about the origins of baptism. Consider our arguments from continuity, and we believe arguments from discontinuity and tradition will be seen as much less appetizing than they did for you in the past.

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